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LED's: Short End to Ground!
Acceptable brightness: 6.25 mA (.8 kOhm resistor with 5v power supply)
Breakpoint: 83 mA (60 ohm resistor with 5v power supply)
Using a microcontroller: Use 360 ohm resistors
Specific Notes: Ch 9: Linear Control
| Steady State Performance (Ess) | Transient Responce | Stability | |
| Add S at zero | improves by increasing system type | increases time constants | degrades |
| increase closed-loop system bandwidth by 2 | reduce rise time by factor of 2 | ||
| closed-loop TF poles shifted left | decrease settling time, reduce time constants (also increases system bandwidth) | ||
| increased stability margins | reduce overshoot | ||
| Increased loop gain | better | degrades | degrades |
| Type 1 |
No slope |
0 |
||
| Type 2 |
-20 db slope |
0 |
0 |
|
| Type 3 | -40 db slope |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Phase Lag compensator: pole < zero
Angle of phase characteristic must be negative for every frequency. Maximum phase lag is less than 90 degrees.
Reduces gain at higher frequencies and introduces phase lag. Lowers stability. Try to place pole and zero close to each other.
Transient-responce characteristics are not changed
Used to improve system Steady-State responce
PHASE MARGIN: Gain Crossover, 0dB point.
Phase Lead Compensator: zero < pole
Contributes a positive angle. Increases stability.
Improve Transient Responce by improving stability and responce time
PID Controller:
P
pure gain. Used when satisfactory transient and steady state responces can be obtained by setting a gain.
phase margin increased, system bandwidth reduced, rise time increases, overshoot decreased
PI
increases system type by 1, improves steady-state responce
PD
Type of phase lead controller. Improves transient responce. High frequency noise amplified. To reduce high freq noise, add a pole